The distribution of interlacement is known as weave design or pattern. While all weave structures are created from a binary system (that is a warp yarn is over or under a weft yarn at the crossover areas), infinite number of weaves can be formed. Woven fabrics are formed by interlacing two orthogonal sets of yarns warp yarns that are vertically arranged and weft yarns that are horizontally placed. It sets the stage for the next sections that deal with objective evaluation of color in woven structures. This section introduces the reader to the basic knowledge of woven fabrics design and structure and the concept on how colored patterns are created using colored yarns. Contemporary techniques of computer-aided fabric design offer new possibilities for using colorimetry in weaving practice.Īlong with the fundamental description of weave and color relationship, and recent advances in woven fabric design, this chapter also includes the research models developed to quantify the color proportion and color values, in effort to eliminate the expensive and time consuming process of prototyping and color matching in woven fabric design. Recent advances in color curve generation and image processing provide opportunities for additional improvements in the areas of collaborative color development, color marketing, and color prediction in multi-step processes. Hence, the designer can generate a numerical color specification that can be visualized accurately on a suitably calibrated monitor. Several measuring and imaging systems are now available commercially that can record colorimetric data and convert these data into visual images. 2005, 2008, 20) provided a model that involves colorimetry for color prediction and is discussed briefly in section 4. Colorimetry is, however, less used when fabrics are made from coloredyarns than when yarns and fabrics are dyed to a solid color, or are printed. Recent experimental studies ( Osaki 2002 Dimitrovski&Gabrijelcic 2001, 2002, 2004 ) have revealed that the use of colorimetry has helped to achieve better reproducibility and accuracy in the shade matching of textiles products. However, color communication within textile design is largely a subjective process.
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In textile wet processing, the uses of colorimetry systems and associated software have proven their worth over the years, in objective estimation of color, and have minimized misunderstandings between textile manufacturers and their customers. Also, the color on fully flat fabric simulations on paper or computer screen is two-dimensional that differs from the real three-dimensional nature of fabrics and yarns. However, deviations of the color values of these simulations still occur. Modern CAD systems provide a variety of design tools that are supported by standardized color databases that allow simulation of weave structures on the computer monitor that could be printed on paper. The figure is formed for the purpose of displaying different pattern formations, adding dimension or color reinforcement and for enhancing a particular motif.
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Figured ornamentation is created through the selection of different groups of colored yarns, placed in the warp and/or in the weft while in certain patterns, textural effects may be created entirely through the use of different values and closely associated hues of certain colors. On the other hand, different colors may be combined to produce either a mixed or intermingled color effect in which the composite hue appears as a solid color. A solid color is produced by employing the same color in warp and weft. The methods of utilization of color in woven textiles depend upon the composition of the weave design to be woven and the structure parameters of the cloth.Ĭolor and ornamentation in woven fabrics is imparted through the pre-determined placement and interlacing of particular sequences of yarns. Color is differently related to effects of weave and form.
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Weave relates specially to the build or structure of the fabric. Weave is the scheme or plan of interlacing the warp and weft yarns that produce the integrated fabric. Thus the primary elements of woven fabric design are combination of weaves and blending of colors using such weaves. In woven designs from colored threads, a coloredpattern is a consequence of two possible arrangements where warp is over the weft or vice versa.